simoterus, Breviraja (Arctoraja) Ishiyama [R.] 1967:62, Fig. [Biogeographical Society of Japan (Tokyo); ref. 7967] Off Japan. •Synonym of Bathyraja parmifera (Bean 1881) -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:98 [ref 25968] on pers. comm.). •Valid as Bathyraja simoterus (Ishiyama 1967) -- (Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:14 [ref. 6441], Stehmann 1986:263 [ref. 6151], McEachran & Dunn 1998:286 [ref. 23312], Compagno 1999:488 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:170 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:170 [ref. 26001], Spies et al. 2011:58 [ref. 31143]). Current status: Valid as Bathyraja simoterus (Ishiyama 1967). Arhynchobatidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.