Sulak, K.J. & Macwhirter, P.D. & Luke, K.E. & Norem, A.D. & Miller, J.M. & Cooper, J.A. & Harris, L.E. (2009)
Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions.
Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2850, 1–34