Leucoraja naevus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T161626A124517373
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T161626A124517373.en
Leucoraja melitensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T61405A124456941
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T61405A124456941.en
Carcharias taurus (amended version of 2021 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T3854A232113997
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T3854A232113997.en

Fishing for oil and meat drives irreversible defaunation of deepwater sharks and rays. Science, 383(6687), 1135–1141
DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9121
Overfishing and climate change elevate extinction risk of endemic sharks and rays in the southwest Indian Ocean hotspot. Plos One, 19(9), Article e0306813
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306813

Ecological erosion and expanding extinction risk of sharks and rays. Science, 386(6726), Article eadn1477
DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1477
Bathyraja interrupta The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161402A124479233
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T161402A124479233.en
Bathyraja parmifera The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161471A124491129
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T161471A124491129.en
Bathyraja taranetzi The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161600A124513002
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T161600A124513002.en
Bathyraja aleutica The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161661A124523702
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T161661A124523702.en
Rostroraja alba The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T61408A183781512
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T61408A183781512.en
Raja undulata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161425A183780918
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T161425A183780918.en
Raja brachyura The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T161691A183779320
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T161691A183779320.en
Centrophorus granulosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T162293947A254964078
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T162293947A254964078.en
Raja clavata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T39399A183779744
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T39399A183779744.en
Centrophorus uyato The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T41745A254988584
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41745A254988584.en
Deania calceus (amended version of 2024 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T41798A267283710
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41798A267283710.en
Centrophorus squamosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T41871A254975849
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41871A254975849.en
Centrophorus moluccensis (amended version of 2024 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T42838A267277845
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T42838A267277845.en
Dipturus oxyrinchus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T63100A124458320
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T63100A124458320.en
Raja asterias The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T63120A124460473
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T63120A124460473.en
Raja montagui The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T63146A183780480
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T63146A183780480.en
Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(5), 10
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216891120
Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays. Nature Communications, 14(1), Article 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35091-x

Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean. Fish and Fisheries, 23(5), 1150–1179
DOI: 10.1111/faf.12675
Sharkipedia: a curated open access database of shark and ray life history traits and abundance time-series. Scientific Data, 9(1), Article 559
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01655-1

Seventy years of tunas, billfishes, and sharks as sentinels of global ocean health. Science, 378(6620), Article 617
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0211
Mobula alfredi (amended version of 2019 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T195459A214395983
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T195459A214395983.en
Carcharodon carcharias (amended version of 2019 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T3855A212629880
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T3855A212629880.en
Alopias vulpinus (amended version of 2019 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T39339A212641186
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39339A212641186.en
Pristis pectinata (errata version published in 2025) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T18175A249881355
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T18175A249881355.en

Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays. Nature, 589(7843), 567–571
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9
Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis. Current Biology, 31(21), 4773–4787
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.062
Mustelus sinusmexicanus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T60206A3092676
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T60206A3092676.en

Dipturus chilensis (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T144159779A199743048
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T144159779A199743048.en
Scyliorhinus canicula The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161307554A124478351
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161307554A124478351.en
Torpedo marmorata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161328A124466265
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161328A124466265.en
Etmopterus spinax The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161388A124475610
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161388A124475610.en
Galeus melastomus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161398A124477972
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161398A124477972.en
Scyliorhinus stellaris The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161484A124493465
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161484A124493465.en
Dentiraja australis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161637A68620350
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161637A68620350.en
Rostroraja texana (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161686A201614906
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161686A201614906.en
Squalus blainville The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T169229923A179510767
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T169229923A179510767.en
Carcharhinus limbatus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T3851A2870736
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T3851A2870736.en
Carcharhinus plumbeus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T3853A2874370
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T3853A2874370.en
Carcharhinus leucas The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39372A2910670
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39372A2910670.en
Loxodon macrorhinus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T41831A173435173
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41831A173435173.en
Galeus atlanticus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T63149A124463343
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T63149A124463343.en
Squalus clarkae (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T152781911A206648306
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T152781911A206648306.en
Centroscymnus coelolepis (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T41747A206647387
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T41747A206647387.en
Ginglymostoma cirratum The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T144141186A3095153
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T144141186A3095153.en
Carcharhinus acronotus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161378A887542
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161378A887542.en
Mustelus norrisi The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161518A890179
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161518A890179.en
Carcharhinus isodon The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161524A890428
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161524A890428.en
Myliobatis aquila The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161569A124508353
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161569A124508353.en
Mustelus canis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39359A2908200
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39359A2908200.en
Negaprion brevirostris The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39380A2915472
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39380A2915472.en
Carcharhinus perezi The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T60217A3093780
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T60217A3093780.en
Carcharhinus signatus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T60219A3094326
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T60219A3094326.en
Rhizoprionodon porosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T61407A3103881
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T61407A3103881.en
Rhinobatos rhinobatos The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T63131A124461877
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T63131A124461877.en
Torpedo torpedo The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161397A124477382
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161397A124477382.en
Somniosus pacificus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161403A887942
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161403A887942.en
Dasyatis pastinaca The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161453A124488102
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161453A124488102.en
Myliobatis freminvillei (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161568A201183089
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161568A201183089.en
Raja straeleni The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161586A124510972
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161586A124510972.en
Raja parva The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T185495181A185495230
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T185495181A185495230.en
Mustelus mustelus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39358A124405881
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39358A124405881.en
Aetobatus narinari (amended version of 2021 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T42564343A201613657
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T42564343A201613657.en
Sphyrna tiburo (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39387A205765567
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39387A205765567.en
Dipturus olseni The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161718A896010
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161718A896010.en
Scymnodon ringens The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161717A116739828
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161717A116739828.en
Springeria folirostris The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161681A893386
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161681A893386.en
Bathyraja irrasa The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161659A124523337
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161659A124523337.en
Rostroraja eglanteria The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161658A124523079
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161658A124523079.en
Squatina legnota The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161638A113148785
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161638A113148785.en
Leucoraja ocellata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161631A124518400
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161631A124518400.en
Amblyraja radiata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161542A124503504
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161542A124503504.en
Centroscyllium fabricii The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161521A124499082. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Centroscyllium fabricii – published in 2020
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161521A124499082.en
Amblyraja jenseni The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161491A124494959
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161491A124494959.en
Malacoraja senta The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161477A124492029
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161477A124492029.en
Leucoraja garmani The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161419A124481644
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161419A124481644.en
Leucoraja erinacea The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161418A124481430
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161418A124481430.en
Bathyraja spinicauda The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161366A124472535
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161366A124472535.en
Rajella bathyphila The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161345A124469469
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161345A124469469.en
Squalus mitsukurii The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T152781967A2957982
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T152781967A2957982.en
Galeorhinus galeus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39352A2907336
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39352A2907336.en
Estimating IUCN Red List population reduction: JARA—A decision-support tool applied to pelagic sharks. Conservation Letters, 13(2), Article e12688
DOI: 10.1111/conl.12688
Pliotrema warreni The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T171728748A124432293
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T171728748A124432293.en
Dipturus lamillai The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T177301951A177302177
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T177301951A177302177.en
Rajella fyllae The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T197086A22515038
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T197086A22515038.en
Notorynchus cepedianus (errata version published in 2025) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39324A268790096
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39324A268790096.en
Carcharhinus brevipinna The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39368A2908817
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39368A2908817.en
Carcharhinus brachyurus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41741A2954522
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41741A2954522.en
Echinorhinus brucus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41801A2956075
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41801A2956075.en
Rhizoprionodon acutus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41850A68642326
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41850A68642326.en
Apristurus profundorum The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T44224A124431775
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44224A124431775.en
Centroselachus crepidater The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T46864A68615502
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T46864A68615502.en
Callorhinchus capensis (amended version of 2020 assessment) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60138A184670902
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60138A184670902.en
Zameus squamulosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60215A3093577
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60215A3093577.en
Etmopterus virens The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60245A124455793
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60245A124455793.en
Squalus cubensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T61416A3104105
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61416A3104105.en
Hexanchus griseus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T10030A495630
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T10030A495630.en

Rhinoraja murrayi The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161391A124476273
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161391A124476273.en
Myliobatis goodei The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161436A888243
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161436A888243.en
Bathyraja maccaini The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161529A124500946
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161529A124500946.en
Rajella annandalei The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161721A124533446
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161721A124533446.en
Bathyraja eatonii The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161739A124536292
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161739A124536292.en
Pseudobatos lentiginosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T161743A896981
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161743A896981.en
Hypanus americanus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T181244884A104123787
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181244884A104123787.en
Rhinoptera brasiliensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T44595A2997621
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44595A2997621.en
Rhinoptera bonasus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60128A3088381
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60128A3088381.en
Hypanus sabinus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60158A124445557
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60158A124445557.en
Hypanus say The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60159A3090316
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60159A3090316.en
Squalus acanthias The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T91209505A124551959
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T91209505A124551959.en
Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (errata version published in 2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39337A171964644
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39337A171964644.en
Pteroplatytrygon violacea The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T161731A896169
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T161731A896169.en
Isurus oxyrinchus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39341A2903170
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39341A2903170.en
Isurus paucus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T60225A3095898
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T60225A3095898.en
Lamna nasus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T11200A500969
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T11200A500969.en
Alopias pelagicus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T161597A68607857
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161597A68607857.en
Alopias superciliosus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T161696A894216
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161696A894216.en
Carcharhinus obscurus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T3852A2872747
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T3852A2872747.en
Carcharhinus longimanus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39374A2911619
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39374A2911619.en
Prionace glauca The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39381A2915850
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39381A2915850.en
Sphyrna mokarran The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39386A2920499
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39386A2920499.en
Sphyrna zygaena The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39388A2921825
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39388A2921825.en
Carcharhinus galapagensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T41736A2954286
DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41736A2954286.en









