Nishida, K. & Nakaya, K. (1990)
Taxonomy of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatididae) from the North Pacific.
In Pratt, H.L., Gruber, S.H., Taniuchi, T., editors. Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries: NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 90: 327–346