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Survey of the variation of alar and malar thorns in skates: phylogenetic implications (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei). Journal of Morphology, 228(2), 165–178
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199605)228:2<165::AID-JMOR5>3.0.CO;2-4
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Checklist of living Chondrichthyes. In W.C. Hamlett (Ed.), Reproductive biology and phylogeny of chondrichthyes: sharks, rays and chimaeras, Vol. 3 (pp. 503–548). Science Publishers, Endfield, USA