de Marques, F.P. (2000)
Evolution of Neotropical freshwater stingrays and their parasites: taking into account space and time.
Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.
de Almeida, M.P. & Barthem, R.B. & da Silva Viana, A. & Charvet-Almeida, P. (2008)
Freshwater stingray diversity (Chondrichthyes Potamotrygonidae) in the Amazon estuary. (Diversidade de raias de água doce (Chondrichthyes:Potamotrygonidae) no estuário Amazônico).
Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, 41(2), 82–89