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Ways to identify stingrays of the world possessing or lacking serrated stinging tail spines. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 125(3), 107–109
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Biology of the South American Potamotrygonid Stingrays. In Carrier, J.C. & Musick, J.A. & Heithaus, M.R. (Eds) Sharks and Their Relatives II: Biodiversity, Adaptive Physiology, and Conservation. CRC Press, Boca Raton: 241–282