Lesueur, C.A. (1824)
Description of several species of the Linnaean genus Raia of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4(1), 100–121
Storer, D.H. (1846)
A synopsis of the fishes of North America. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, n.s., 2, 253–550
Séret, B. & McEachran, J.D. (1986)
Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Suite) Poissons batoïdes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Batoidea). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (Série 4), Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie Animales, 8(4) Suppl., 3–50