Ishihara, H. & Ishiyama, R. (1986)
Systematics and distribution of the skates of the north Pacific.
In Uyeno, T. & Arai, R. & Taniuchi, T. & Matsuura, K. (Eds) Proceedings of the second international conference on Indo-Pacific fishes. Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo: 269–280
