Stehmann, M. (1976)
Revision der Rajoiden-Arten des nördlichen Indischen Ozean und Indopazifik (Elasmobranchii, Batoidea, Rajiformes).
Beaufortia, 24(315), 133–175
Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (1999)
FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae).
Rome, FAO. 1999: 1397–2068