Raschi, W. (1986)
A morphological analysis of the ampullae of Lorenzini in selected skates (Pisces, Rajoidei). Journal of Morphology, 189(3), 225–247
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051890303

Lloris, D. & Rucabado, J.A. & Figueroa, H. (1991)
Biogeography of the Macaronesian ichthyofauna (The Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and the African enclave). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 43(234), 191–241

Jacob, B.A. & McEachran, J.D. & Lyons, P.L. (1994)
Electric organs in skates: Variation and phylogenetic significance (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei). Journal of Morphology, 221(1), 45–63
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052210104

Bozzano, A. & Collin, S.P. (2000)
Retinal ganglion cell topography in elasmobranchs. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 55(4), 191–208
DOI: 10.1159/000006652

Thiel, R. & Eidus, I. & Neumann, R. (2009)
The Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH) fish collection as a global biodiversity archive for elasmobranchs and actinopterygians as well as other fish taxa. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(S1), 9–32
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01296.x