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Raja miraletus

Linnaeus, 1758

Brown ray
Classification: Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae

Reference of the original description

Linné, C. (1758)
Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, regnum animale, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, 824pp.

Image of the original description
No image in first description.

Synonyms / new combinations and misspellings
Raia miraletus, Raia quadrimaculata, Raja cf. miraletus, Raja quadrimaculata, Raja (Raja) miraletus

Types
Raja miraletus
XXXX: No types known;
Raia quadrimaculata
XXXX: No types known;

Description :

Citation: Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758: In: Database of modern sharks, rays and chimaeras, www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 11/2024

Please send your images of "Raja miraletus" to info@shark-references.com

Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758, off port of Valencia © L'Elasmogrup, University of Valencia)

Common names
$deu $T$$ Braunrochen, $deu $T$$ Pfauenaugen-Rochen, $deu $T$$ Rochen, $deu $T$$ Spiegelrochen, $deu $T$$ Vieraugen-Rochen, $deu $T$$ Vieräagiger Spiegelrochen, $deu $T$$ Vieräugiger Spiegelrochen, $deu $T$$ Zweifleckiger Rochen, spa

Bachada escrita, spa

Clavellada, spa

Excrita,

Grisol,

Racho de escrita, spa

Raja de espejos, spa

Rajada de San Pere, spa

Rajada limpia, spa

Ratjada,

Raya de espejos, spa

Raya espejuelo, spa

Raya limpia, spa

Raya vera, spa

Retjada, $fra $T$$ Ikara, $fra $T$$ Pélouza, $fra $T$$ Raie, $fra $T$$ Raie florifère, $fra $T$$ Raie miraillée, $fra $T$$ Raie miroir, $fra $T$$ Raie zéro, $fra $T$$ Zerra, eng

Brown ray, eng

Brown skate, eng

Homelyn cuckoo ray, eng

Homelyn mirror ray, eng

Homelyn sandy ray, eng

Skate,

Twineye ray, eng

Twineye skate, ita

Arzilla,

Cchjaline, ita

Cchjalune, ita

Chiamida,

Occhialina, ita

Picara liscia, ita

Picara quattrocchi, ita

Picara quattuocchi, ita

Pichira fimminedda, ita

Pichira liscia, ita

Quatrochi, ita

Quatroci,

Quattrocchi, ita

Quattrucchi, ita

Quattuecchi, ita

Raja liscia, ita

Raja occhialuta, ita

Raja quattrocchi, ita

Rasa quatroci, ita

Rasa sfeuggoena, ita

Rascia liscia, ita

Razza argentina, ita

Razza occhiuta, ita

Razza quattrocchi, ita

Razza stellina, ita

Scritta a quattrogus, ita

Tappacunnu, por

Peixe-areia, por

Raia-azul, por

Raia-de-dos-olhos, por

Raia-de-espelhos, por

Raia-de-quatro-olhos

Short Description
Snout short and bluntly pointed; disc angular [536]. Upper surface prickly only in young, nearly smooth in adults, underside smooth [7182]. Upper surface ochre to reddish-brown with scattered dark spots, underside white [7182]; two bright blue eyespots centered on the pectoral bases [536]; may have a small dark spot on tip of snout [20085]. Diet: eastern central Adriatic Sea (data base: of 418 stomachs examined, total length (TL) of 13.5 - 40.0 cm, 38 were empty (9.0%): The prey items identified in the stomachs belong to six major groups: Decapoda (Natantia and Reptantia), Mysidacea, Teleostei, Cephalopoda, Amphipoda and Polychaeta. Decapods were the most important prey (%IRI 88.2), whereas other prey groups were only occasionally ingested. [17732] Sardinian waters (centralwestern Mediterranean) (data base: 78 specimens) In R. miraletus, Crustacea represented the main prey in all size groups (% IRI599.5, 99.6, and 88, respectively). Amphipoda Gammaridea were the predominant prey for small individuals, and were replaced in medium and large specimens by decapods. Low levels of interspecific competition were generally found.[17740]

Distribution
Eastern Atlantic: northern Portugal and throughout the Mediterranean to Madeira and South Africa. Reported from the Canary Islands [7182] but occurrence needs verification [17687]. Also in southwestern part of the Indian Ocean. Source: www.gbif.org

Human uses
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

Biology
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk [733]. With egg-cases laid from spring to summer [7182]. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother [17086]. Found over soft bottoms of the shelf and the uppermost slope [536]. Depth range from 17-300 m, and up to depth of 462 m in the eastern Ionian Sea [17735]. Feeds on fish, squids, benthic organisms, all kinds of benthic animals and fish offal [536].

Size / Weight / Age
63.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; [5193]); 59.7 cm TL (female)

Habitat
demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 17 - 462 m [17735], usually 50 - 150 m [17736]

Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=5707;

Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Kinetoplastea