Tethylamna twiggsensis
(Case, 1981)
Classification: Elasmobranchii Lamniformes Odontaspididae
Reference of the original description
Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 176(1–3), 52–79
Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 176(1–3), 52–79
Synonyms / new combinations and misspellings
Brachycarcharias cf. twiggsensis, Brachycarcharias twiggsensis, Cretolamna twiggsensis, Lamna twiggsensis, Tethylamna cf. twiggsensis
Brachycarcharias cf. twiggsensis, Brachycarcharias twiggsensis, Cretolamna twiggsensis, Lamna twiggsensis, Tethylamna cf. twiggsensis
Types
Tethylamna twiggsensis
Holotype: UNSM: 23506; Paratype: UNSM: 23507; UNSM: 23508; UNSM: 23509; UNSM: 23510;
Tethylamna twiggsensis
Holotype: UNSM: 23506; Paratype: UNSM: 23507; UNSM: 23508; UNSM: 23509; UNSM: 23510;
Description:
Citation: Tethylamna twiggsensis (Case, 1981): In: Database of fossil elasmobranch teeth www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 10/2025
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Distribution Geographic
Priabonian of Georgia, USA, Priabonian of Egypt, western Sahara, Morocco, of Pakistan and of Peru [24889]
Priabonian of Georgia, USA, Priabonian of Egypt, western Sahara, Morocco, of Pakistan and of Peru [24889]
Distribution Stratigraphy
Eocene
Eocene
Description
Diagnosis after Case 1981 [391]: Teeth ranging in size from 1.5 to 3 cms, and averaging 2.5 cms, a vestigial median furrow (groove) on the root area, teeth with from 1 to 2 lateral cusps on either side. Description: Lower jaw teeth erect. Anterior teeth with slender cuspidate lateral cusps. Lateral teeth wider, with from 1 to 2 lateral cusps, triangular in shape, and the larger of the cusps — flaring out in opposite directions from the tooth blade. No medial furrow (groove), but an imperfectly developed "furrow" on some specimens, with a definitive apical foramen positioned on the lingual boss of the tooth's root.
Diagnosis after Case 1981 [391]: Teeth ranging in size from 1.5 to 3 cms, and averaging 2.5 cms, a vestigial median furrow (groove) on the root area, teeth with from 1 to 2 lateral cusps on either side. Description: Lower jaw teeth erect. Anterior teeth with slender cuspidate lateral cusps. Lateral teeth wider, with from 1 to 2 lateral cusps, triangular in shape, and the larger of the cusps — flaring out in opposite directions from the tooth blade. No medial furrow (groove), but an imperfectly developed "furrow" on some specimens, with a definitive apical foramen positioned on the lingual boss of the tooth's root.
Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=15047;
valid after Cappetta & Case (2016) p. 51 [24889]; Abd-Elhameed & Abd-Elhameed (2025) p. 25 [34947]
synonym of Brachycarcharias twiggsensisi after Ebersole et al. (2019) p. 43 [27789];
shark-references Species-ID=15047;
valid after Cappetta & Case (2016) p. 51 [24889]; Abd-Elhameed & Abd-Elhameed (2025) p. 25 [34947]
synonym of Brachycarcharias twiggsensisi after Ebersole et al. (2019) p. 43 [27789];
References
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Middle Eocene odontaspidid shark (Brachycarcharias) from Wadi Garawi area, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Advances in Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 21–28
DOI: 10.21608/abas.2025.403624.1068
Fossil chondrichthyans of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (in Hungarian: A Kárpát-Pannon-térség fosszilis porcoshalai). Hungarian Natural History Museum, Dabasi Nyomda Zrt., Budapest. 255 pages, ISBN 978-963-9877-52-8
Paleogene Fishes of Alabama, Brachycarcharias version 1. In J.A. Ebersole (ed.), Fossil Fishes of Alabama. McWane Science Center, Birmingham, Alabama 4(12), 1–8
DOI: 10.69737/QQGJ1332
Sharks and rays from the Mokattamian Stage (middle and late Eocene) of Egypt, including some species from the middle Eocene Midra Shale of Qatar. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 66(1), 105–153
DOI: 10.21608/EGJG.2022.173845.1028
Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco. Geodiversitas, 43(5), 121–150
DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5
Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks. Current Biology, 31(23), 5138–5148
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths. European Journal of Taxonomy, 585, 1–274
DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(41), 20584–20590
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902693116
Middle Eocene vertebrates from the sabkha of Gueran, Atlantic coastal basin, Saharan Morocco, and their peri-African correlations. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 350(6): 310-318
DOI: 10.1016/j.crte.2018.06.006
Taxonomy and morphological study on the vertebrate remains of Shark and rays fauna from the Middle and Late Eocene succession, Fayoum Depression, Egypt. Delta Journal of Science, 38, 202–217
The Turanian Basin in the Eocene: the new data on the fossil sharks and rays from the Kyzylkum Desert (Uzbekistan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 320(1), 50–65
A Selachian Fauna from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 307(1–6), 43–103
Priabonian sharks and rays (late Eocene: Neoselachii) from Minqar Tabaghbagh in the Western Qattara Depression, Egypt. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 32(6): 71–90
Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 122(1), 47–66
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.004
Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 122(1), 47–66
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.004
Paleo-environments of the exposed Eocene Sediments between Wadi El-Hitan and east Siwa in the Egyptian Western Desert based on their faunal content especially the vertebrates. Thesis, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Geology Department
Paleo-environments of the exposed Eocene Sediments between Wadi El-Hitan and east Siwa in the Egyptian Western Desert based on their faunal content especially the vertebrates. Thesis, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Geology Department
A new Priabonian Chondrichthyans assemblage from the Western desert, Egypt: Correlation with the Fayum oasis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 61(1), 27–37
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.04.005
A Middle-Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine, 147(6), 860–870
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756810000348
Middle Eocene selachian fauna from Wadi Al-Rijla Al-Bayda, Eastern Desert of Jordan. Abhath Al–Yamouk Basic Sciences and Engineering, 12(2b), 619–631
Angaben zur Hai- und Rochenfauna aus dem Eozän von Turnu Roșu (Rumänien). Naturwissenschaftliche Forschung über Siebenburgen VI. Beitrage zur Geographie, Botanik, Zoologie und Palaontologie. Siebenburgisches Archiv, 36, 265–270
Late Eocene selachians from Irwinton Sand Member of the Barnwell Formation (Jacksonian), WKA mines, Gordon, Wilkinson Country, Georgia. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A, Geologie und Paläontologie, 39, 5–16, 5 pl., 3 fig., 1 tabl.
Colecţia de selacieni - Richard Breckner [Richard Breckner selachian collection]. Studii şi comunicări, Științele Naturii, Muzeul Brukenthal, 28: 115–119
Geology and Paleontology of the Eocene Drazinda Shale Member of the Khirthar Formation, central Western Pakistan, Part II Late Eocene fishes. Tertiary Research, 12(3–4), 105–120
Die Neoselachier der Paleokaribik (Pisces: Elasmobranchii). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 119, 1–102
The Eocene selachian fauna from the Fayum Depression in Egypt. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 212(1–6), 1–30
Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 176(1–3), 52–79
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Middle Eocene odontaspidid shark (Brachycarcharias) from Wadi Garawi area, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Advances in Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 21–28
DOI: 10.21608/abas.2025.403624.1068
Fossil chondrichthyans of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (in Hungarian: A Kárpát-Pannon-térség fosszilis porcoshalai). Hungarian Natural History Museum, Dabasi Nyomda Zrt., Budapest. 255 pages, ISBN 978-963-9877-52-8
Paleogene Fishes of Alabama, Brachycarcharias version 1. In J.A. Ebersole (ed.), Fossil Fishes of Alabama. McWane Science Center, Birmingham, Alabama 4(12), 1–8
DOI: 10.69737/QQGJ1332
Sharks and rays from the Mokattamian Stage (middle and late Eocene) of Egypt, including some species from the middle Eocene Midra Shale of Qatar. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 66(1), 105–153
DOI: 10.21608/EGJG.2022.173845.1028
Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco. Geodiversitas, 43(5), 121–150
DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5
Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks. Current Biology, 31(23), 5138–5148
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths. European Journal of Taxonomy, 585, 1–274
DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(41), 20584–20590
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902693116
Middle Eocene vertebrates from the sabkha of Gueran, Atlantic coastal basin, Saharan Morocco, and their peri-African correlations. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 350(6): 310-318
DOI: 10.1016/j.crte.2018.06.006
Taxonomy and morphological study on the vertebrate remains of Shark and rays fauna from the Middle and Late Eocene succession, Fayoum Depression, Egypt. Delta Journal of Science, 38, 202–217
The Turanian Basin in the Eocene: the new data on the fossil sharks and rays from the Kyzylkum Desert (Uzbekistan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 320(1), 50–65
A Selachian Fauna from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 307(1–6), 43–103
Priabonian sharks and rays (late Eocene: Neoselachii) from Minqar Tabaghbagh in the Western Qattara Depression, Egypt. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 32(6): 71–90
Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 122(1), 47–66
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.004
Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 122(1), 47–66
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.004
Paleo-environments of the exposed Eocene Sediments between Wadi El-Hitan and east Siwa in the Egyptian Western Desert based on their faunal content especially the vertebrates. Thesis, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Geology Department
Paleo-environments of the exposed Eocene Sediments between Wadi El-Hitan and east Siwa in the Egyptian Western Desert based on their faunal content especially the vertebrates. Thesis, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Geology Department
A new Priabonian Chondrichthyans assemblage from the Western desert, Egypt: Correlation with the Fayum oasis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 61(1), 27–37
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.04.005
A Middle-Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine, 147(6), 860–870
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756810000348
Middle Eocene selachian fauna from Wadi Al-Rijla Al-Bayda, Eastern Desert of Jordan. Abhath Al–Yamouk Basic Sciences and Engineering, 12(2b), 619–631
Angaben zur Hai- und Rochenfauna aus dem Eozän von Turnu Roșu (Rumänien). Naturwissenschaftliche Forschung über Siebenburgen VI. Beitrage zur Geographie, Botanik, Zoologie und Palaontologie. Siebenburgisches Archiv, 36, 265–270
Late Eocene selachians from Irwinton Sand Member of the Barnwell Formation (Jacksonian), WKA mines, Gordon, Wilkinson Country, Georgia. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A, Geologie und Paläontologie, 39, 5–16, 5 pl., 3 fig., 1 tabl.
Colecţia de selacieni - Richard Breckner [Richard Breckner selachian collection]. Studii şi comunicări, Științele Naturii, Muzeul Brukenthal, 28: 115–119
Geology and Paleontology of the Eocene Drazinda Shale Member of the Khirthar Formation, central Western Pakistan, Part II Late Eocene fishes. Tertiary Research, 12(3–4), 105–120
Die Neoselachier der Paleokaribik (Pisces: Elasmobranchii). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 119, 1–102
The Eocene selachian fauna from the Fayum Depression in Egypt. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 212(1–6), 1–30
Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 176(1–3), 52–79
