Common names
Kurznasenhai, Zitronenhai, Galano, Galano de ley, Limón, Tiburón amarillo, Tiburón galano, Tiburón limón, Requin citron, Requin limon, Requin-citron, Lemon shark, Requiem shark, Squalo limone, Cacao-limao, Tubarao-limao

Short Description
A brownish shark with yellow overtones but no conspicuous markings. Large second dorsal fin nearly same size as first dorsal [17659].

Distribution
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean; also in Gulf of Mexico [17659]. Northeast Atlantic: Senegal, Côte d"quot;Ivoire and probably wide-ranging off West Africa, but this requires confirmation. Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Ecuador. Source: www.gbif.org

Human uses
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

Biology
Distinct pairing with embrace [17086]. Viviparous, placental [733], with 5 to 17 embryos (Ref. 9253). Both male and female during precopulatory and courtship swim with body axes in parallel (Ref. 49562, 51112). During copulation, the pair performs coordinated swimming (Ref. 49562, 51112). Exhibits no pattern of periodicity. Feeding is asynchronous and intermittent. Daily ration is estimated at 1.5 - 2.1% body weight per day; meal completely evacuated from stomach 25-41 hr after feeding, depending on meal type and temperature; fecal production continues for 68-82 hr after feeding (Wetherbee 1990).

Size / Weight / Age
340 cm TL (male/unsexed; [17659]); max. published weight: 183.7 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 25 years [2246]

Habitat
reef-associated; oceanodromous [17660]; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 92 m [517]

Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=4087;

Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Monogenea

• Dermophthirius nigrellii Cheung & Ruggieri, 1983 [5987] [20260]
• Heteronchocotyle hypoprioni Brooks, 1934 [17150]
• Neodermophthirius harkemai Price, 1963 [19880] [17205] [6111]

Cestoda

• Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, 1890 [16171]
• Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Pintner, 1931 [16112]
• Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897) Carvajal & Rego, 1985 [16171] [16112]
• Dasyrhynchus giganteus (Diesing 1850) Pintner 1929 [16304] [5977] [16112]
• Dasyrhynchus variouncinatus (Pintner, 1913) [16112]
• Floriceps caballeroi Cruz, 1977 [23771]
• Floriceps saccatus Cuvier, 1817 [16112]
• Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907 [16112]
• Phoreiobothrium anticaporum Caira, Richmond & Swanson, 2005 [16205]
• Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, 1889 [16171]
• Phyllobothrium dasybati Yamaguti, 1934 [16171]
• Phyllobothrium lactuca Van Beneden, 1850 [16171]
• Platybothrium harpago (Euzet, 1953) Healy, 2003 [16307] [7384]
• Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937 [16370] [16171] [7384]
• Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850) Dollfus, 1929 [16112]
• Pseudogrillotia perelica (Shuler, 1938) [16171] [16112]
• Scyphophyllidium roberti (Ruhnke & Thompson, 2006) [16104]
• Tentacularia insignis (Linton, 1924) [16171]

Copepoda

• Alebion carchariae Krøyer, 1863 [16589]
• Kroyeria spatulata Pearse, 1948 [16589] [17867]
• Nemesis pilosus Pearse, 1951 [16589]
• Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1868 [16589]
• Pandarus sinuatus Say, 1818 [16599] [16589]
• Paralebion elongatus Wilson, 1911 [16589]
• Perissopus dentatus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 [16589]

Hirudinea

• Pontobdella macrothela (Schimarda, 1861) [25688]