Otodus megalodon
(Agassiz, 1835)
Classification: Elasmobranchii Lamniformes Otodontidae
Reference of the original description
Recherches sur les poissons fossiles, 5th livraison (June 1835). Petitpierre et Prince (text) and H. Nicolet (plates), Neuchâtel, vol. 3: pl. D, 46
Recherches sur les poissons fossiles, 5th livraison (June 1835). Petitpierre et Prince (text) and H. Nicolet (plates), Neuchâtel, vol. 3: pl. D, 46
Types
Otodus megalodon
Otodus megalodon
Description:
Citation: Otodus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835): In: Database of fossil elasmobranch teeth www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 12/2024
Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=13434;
valid after Bor et al. (2012) p. 37 [17759]; Reinecke & Radwański (2015) p. 9 [23540];
shark-references Species-ID=13434;
valid after Bor et al. (2012) p. 37 [17759]; Reinecke & Radwański (2015) p. 9 [23540];
References
White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Palaeontologia Electronica, 27(1), Article a4
DOI: 10.26879/1345
Notice of formal repository of the remaining teeth of an associated fossil specimen of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), to the Saitama Museum of Natural History, Japan. Historical Biology, in press
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2024.2344813
Analysing Trophic Competition in †Otodus megalodon and Carcharodon carcharias through 2D-SEM Dental Microwear Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 39, Article sjp.28830
DOI: 10.7203/sjp.28830
Faszination Haie – Die Welt der fossilen und der lebenden Haie. Der Steinkern, 58, 1–116
Paleoichthyology in the Philippines: A review of Cenozoic fish fossils with insights on its current status and future opportunities Geobios, in press
DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.006
Applying zinc isotopes to investigate the trophic positions of extinct marine vertebrates, including the megatooth shark Otodus megalodon, in ancient marine ecosystems [Abstract]. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria
DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-8484
The Elasmobranch Fossil Record of the Indo-Australian Archipelago since the Miocene: A Literature Review and New Discoveries from Northern Borneo. Diversity, 16, Article 323
DOI: 10.3390/d16060323
The Elasmobranch Fossil Record of the Indo-Australian Archipelago since the Miocene: A Literature Review and New Discoveries from Northern Borneo. Diversity, 16(6), Article 323
DOI: 10.3390/d16060323
Enigmatic carbonate isotope values in shark teeth: Evidence for environmental and dietary controls. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 635, Article 111943
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111943
New data on the Late Miocene chondrichthyans from the Western Mediterranean region (Alcoy Basin, Eastern Spain). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 43(4), Article e2307071
DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2024.2307071
Heterochrony and Oophagy Underlie the Evolution of Giant Filter-Feeding Lamniform Sharks. Evolution & Development, 27(1), Article e.12496
DOI: 10.1111/ede.12496
Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals. Ecology and Evolution, 14(9), Article e70218
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70218
Enameloid-bound δ15N reveals large trophic separation among Late Cretaceous sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico Geobiology, 22(1), Article e12585
DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12585
Les dents du requin géant Otodus megalodon dans l’iconographie du XVIe jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle (suite). Fossiles, 58, 56–57
Body forms of extant lamniform sharks (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes), and comments on the morphology of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon, and the evolution of lamniform thermophysiology. Historical Biology, 35(1), 139–151
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2021.2025228
Tessellated calcified cartilage and placoid scales of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), offer new insights into its biology and the evolution of regional endothermy and gigantism in the otodontid clade. Historical Biology, in press
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2211597
Revisiting body size trends and nursery areas of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), reveals Bergmann’s rule possibly enhanced its gigantism in cooler waters. Historical Biology, 35(2), 208–217
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2032024
The Camacho Formation of Uruguay (Late Miocene): New vertebrate findings, biostratigraphic update, associated environments, and chronostratigraphic remarks. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 130, Article 104585
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104585
Miocene Elasmobranchii from the Duho Formation, South Korea. Historical Biology, 35(9), 1726–1741
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2110870
Endothermic physiology of extinct megatooth sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(27), Article e2218153120
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218153120
Of Megalodons and Men: Reassessing the ‘Modern Survival’ of Otodus Megalodon: Refuting the ‘modern survival’ of Otodus megalodon. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(3), 330–347
DOI: 10.31275/20233041
The mystery of Mitchill’s monster: An Otodus megalodon skeleton, or an associated O. megalodon and whale? The Mosasaur, 13, 15–23
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7903372
The biology and ecology of regionally endothermic fishes in Irish waters. Thesis, University of Dublin
The Neogene Record of Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from Northern Chile: A Review and Identification Guide. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 124, Article 104230
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104230
On teeth of Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae) from Cabo Verde, eastern Atlantic. Zoologia Caboverdiana, 11(2), 36–38
Phylogenetic affinity of the extinct shark family Otodontidae within Lamniformes remains uncertain - Comments on “List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)” by Greenfield. Paleoichthys, 6, 1–5
Oh, the shark has such teeth: Did megatooth sharks play a larger role in prehistoric food webs? Science Advances, 8(25), Article add2674
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2674
The chondrichthyan fossil record of the Florida Platform (Eocene–Pleistocene). Paleobiology, 48(4), 622–654
DOI: 10.1017/pab.2021.47
Dental pathologies in lamniform and carcharhiniform sharks with comments on the classification and homology of double tooth pathologies in vertebrates. PeerJ, 10, Article e12775
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12775
Trophic position of Otodus megalodon and great white sharks through time revealed by zinc isotopes. Nature Communications, 13, Article 2980
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30528-9
Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions. Science Advances, 8(25), Article eabl6529
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6529
Additions to “List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks”, with a response to Shimada (2022). Paleoichthys, 6, 6–11
The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic superpredator: Inferences from 3D modeling. Science Advances, 8(33), Article eabm9424
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
Ontogenetic growth pattern of the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon-implications for its reproductive biology, development, and life expectancy. Historical Biology, 33(12), 3254–3259
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1861608
Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon. Historical Biology, 33(11), 2543–2559
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
The size of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), revisited. Historical Biology, 33(7), 904–911
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2019.1666840
Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions. Palaeontologia Electronica, 24(1), Article a09
DOI: 10.26879/1140
Elasmobranchii uit het Zand van Edegem (Mioceen van België). Afzettingen WTKG, 42(2), 48–61
Otodus-bitten sperm whale tooth from the Neogene of the Coastal Eastern United States. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 66(3), 599–603
DOI: 10.4202/app.00820.2020
Historical and nomenclatural remarks on some megatoothed shark teeth (Elasmobranchii, Otodontidae) from the Cenozoic of New Jersey (U.S.A.) Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 127, 595–625
Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks. Current Biology, 31(23), 5138–5148
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
Biomechanical insights into the dentition of megatooth sharks (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Scientific Reports, 11, Article 1232
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80323-z
Op fossielenzoektocht in de Touraine (Midden-Frankrijk). Afzettingen WTKG, 42(3), 80–88
Macroborings in Otodus megalodon and Otodus chubutensis Shark Teeth from the Submerged Shelf of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA: Implications for Processes of Lag Deposit Formation. Ichnos, 27(2), 122–141
DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1697257
Use of nursery areas by the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes). Biology Letters, 16(11), Article 20200746
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0746
Body dimensions of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon: a 2D reconstruction. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 14596
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71387-y
Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals the development of a unique tooth mineralization pattern in mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes; Lamniformes) in deep time. Scientific Reports, 9, Article 9652
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46081-3
Een vroeg-miocene fauna uit het Zand van Kiel (Formatie van Berchem) bij Post X in Berchem (Antwerpen). Afzettingen WTKG, 40(4), 83–100
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(41), 20584–20590
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902693116
The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed shark Otodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific. PeerJ, 7, Article e6088
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6088
Lamniform and Carcharhiniform Sharks from the Pungo River and Yorktown Formations (Miocene–Pliocene) of the Submerged Continental Shelf, Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA. Copeia, 106(2), 353–374
DOI: 10.1643/OT-18-016
Miocene (Burdigalian) seawater and air temperatures estimated from the geochemistry of fossil remains from the Aquitaine Basin, France. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 481, 14–28
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.04.024
The first record of the giant shark Otodus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835) from Romania. Brukenthal, Acta Musei, 11(3), 507–526
Fossil sharks and rays of Gainesville creeks; Alachua County, Florida: Hogtown group; (middle Miocene to lower Pliocene). Florida Paleontological Society, Special Publication
Fossil sharks and batoids from the Korytnica-clays, early Badenian (Langhian, Middle Miocene), Fore-Carpathian basin, central Poland – a revision and updated record. Palaeontos, 28, 1–32
Elasmobranchii in de ontsluiting aan de luchthaven te Borsbeek (prov. Antwerpen, België) Afzettingen WTKG, 36(1), 12–19
Miocene Shark and Batoid Fauna from Nosy Makamby (Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagascar). PLoS ONE, 10(6), Article e0129444
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129444
Miocene Chondrichthyes from Winterswijk - Miste, the Netherlands. Palaeontos, 21, 1–136
White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Palaeontologia Electronica, 27(1), Article a4
DOI: 10.26879/1345
Notice of formal repository of the remaining teeth of an associated fossil specimen of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), to the Saitama Museum of Natural History, Japan. Historical Biology, in press
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2024.2344813
Analysing Trophic Competition in †Otodus megalodon and Carcharodon carcharias through 2D-SEM Dental Microwear Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 39, Article sjp.28830
DOI: 10.7203/sjp.28830
Faszination Haie – Die Welt der fossilen und der lebenden Haie. Der Steinkern, 58, 1–116
Paleoichthyology in the Philippines: A review of Cenozoic fish fossils with insights on its current status and future opportunities Geobios, in press
DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.006
Applying zinc isotopes to investigate the trophic positions of extinct marine vertebrates, including the megatooth shark Otodus megalodon, in ancient marine ecosystems [Abstract]. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria
DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-8484
The Elasmobranch Fossil Record of the Indo-Australian Archipelago since the Miocene: A Literature Review and New Discoveries from Northern Borneo. Diversity, 16, Article 323
DOI: 10.3390/d16060323
The Elasmobranch Fossil Record of the Indo-Australian Archipelago since the Miocene: A Literature Review and New Discoveries from Northern Borneo. Diversity, 16(6), Article 323
DOI: 10.3390/d16060323
Enigmatic carbonate isotope values in shark teeth: Evidence for environmental and dietary controls. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 635, Article 111943
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111943
New data on the Late Miocene chondrichthyans from the Western Mediterranean region (Alcoy Basin, Eastern Spain). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 43(4), Article e2307071
DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2024.2307071
Heterochrony and Oophagy Underlie the Evolution of Giant Filter-Feeding Lamniform Sharks. Evolution & Development, 27(1), Article e.12496
DOI: 10.1111/ede.12496
Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals. Ecology and Evolution, 14(9), Article e70218
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70218
Enameloid-bound δ15N reveals large trophic separation among Late Cretaceous sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico Geobiology, 22(1), Article e12585
DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12585
Les dents du requin géant Otodus megalodon dans l’iconographie du XVIe jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle (suite). Fossiles, 58, 56–57
Body forms of extant lamniform sharks (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes), and comments on the morphology of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon, and the evolution of lamniform thermophysiology. Historical Biology, 35(1), 139–151
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2021.2025228
Tessellated calcified cartilage and placoid scales of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), offer new insights into its biology and the evolution of regional endothermy and gigantism in the otodontid clade. Historical Biology, in press
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2211597
Revisiting body size trends and nursery areas of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), reveals Bergmann’s rule possibly enhanced its gigantism in cooler waters. Historical Biology, 35(2), 208–217
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2032024
The Camacho Formation of Uruguay (Late Miocene): New vertebrate findings, biostratigraphic update, associated environments, and chronostratigraphic remarks. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 130, Article 104585
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104585
Miocene Elasmobranchii from the Duho Formation, South Korea. Historical Biology, 35(9), 1726–1741
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2110870
Endothermic physiology of extinct megatooth sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(27), Article e2218153120
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218153120
Of Megalodons and Men: Reassessing the ‘Modern Survival’ of Otodus Megalodon: Refuting the ‘modern survival’ of Otodus megalodon. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(3), 330–347
DOI: 10.31275/20233041
The mystery of Mitchill’s monster: An Otodus megalodon skeleton, or an associated O. megalodon and whale? The Mosasaur, 13, 15–23
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7903372
The biology and ecology of regionally endothermic fishes in Irish waters. Thesis, University of Dublin
The Neogene Record of Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from Northern Chile: A Review and Identification Guide. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 124, Article 104230
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104230
On teeth of Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae) from Cabo Verde, eastern Atlantic. Zoologia Caboverdiana, 11(2), 36–38
Phylogenetic affinity of the extinct shark family Otodontidae within Lamniformes remains uncertain - Comments on “List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)” by Greenfield. Paleoichthys, 6, 1–5
Oh, the shark has such teeth: Did megatooth sharks play a larger role in prehistoric food webs? Science Advances, 8(25), Article add2674
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2674
The chondrichthyan fossil record of the Florida Platform (Eocene–Pleistocene). Paleobiology, 48(4), 622–654
DOI: 10.1017/pab.2021.47
Dental pathologies in lamniform and carcharhiniform sharks with comments on the classification and homology of double tooth pathologies in vertebrates. PeerJ, 10, Article e12775
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12775
Trophic position of Otodus megalodon and great white sharks through time revealed by zinc isotopes. Nature Communications, 13, Article 2980
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30528-9
Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions. Science Advances, 8(25), Article eabl6529
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6529
Additions to “List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks”, with a response to Shimada (2022). Paleoichthys, 6, 6–11
The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic superpredator: Inferences from 3D modeling. Science Advances, 8(33), Article eabm9424
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
Ontogenetic growth pattern of the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon-implications for its reproductive biology, development, and life expectancy. Historical Biology, 33(12), 3254–3259
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1861608
Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon. Historical Biology, 33(11), 2543–2559
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
The size of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), revisited. Historical Biology, 33(7), 904–911
DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2019.1666840
Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions. Palaeontologia Electronica, 24(1), Article a09
DOI: 10.26879/1140
Elasmobranchii uit het Zand van Edegem (Mioceen van België). Afzettingen WTKG, 42(2), 48–61
Otodus-bitten sperm whale tooth from the Neogene of the Coastal Eastern United States. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 66(3), 599–603
DOI: 10.4202/app.00820.2020
Historical and nomenclatural remarks on some megatoothed shark teeth (Elasmobranchii, Otodontidae) from the Cenozoic of New Jersey (U.S.A.) Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 127, 595–625
Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks. Current Biology, 31(23), 5138–5148
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
Biomechanical insights into the dentition of megatooth sharks (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Scientific Reports, 11, Article 1232
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80323-z
Op fossielenzoektocht in de Touraine (Midden-Frankrijk). Afzettingen WTKG, 42(3), 80–88
Macroborings in Otodus megalodon and Otodus chubutensis Shark Teeth from the Submerged Shelf of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA: Implications for Processes of Lag Deposit Formation. Ichnos, 27(2), 122–141
DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1697257
Use of nursery areas by the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes). Biology Letters, 16(11), Article 20200746
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0746
Body dimensions of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon: a 2D reconstruction. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 14596
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71387-y
Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals the development of a unique tooth mineralization pattern in mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes; Lamniformes) in deep time. Scientific Reports, 9, Article 9652
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46081-3
Een vroeg-miocene fauna uit het Zand van Kiel (Formatie van Berchem) bij Post X in Berchem (Antwerpen). Afzettingen WTKG, 40(4), 83–100
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(41), 20584–20590
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902693116
The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed shark Otodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific. PeerJ, 7, Article e6088
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6088
Lamniform and Carcharhiniform Sharks from the Pungo River and Yorktown Formations (Miocene–Pliocene) of the Submerged Continental Shelf, Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA. Copeia, 106(2), 353–374
DOI: 10.1643/OT-18-016
Miocene (Burdigalian) seawater and air temperatures estimated from the geochemistry of fossil remains from the Aquitaine Basin, France. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 481, 14–28
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.04.024
The first record of the giant shark Otodus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835) from Romania. Brukenthal, Acta Musei, 11(3), 507–526
Fossil sharks and rays of Gainesville creeks; Alachua County, Florida: Hogtown group; (middle Miocene to lower Pliocene). Florida Paleontological Society, Special Publication
Fossil sharks and batoids from the Korytnica-clays, early Badenian (Langhian, Middle Miocene), Fore-Carpathian basin, central Poland – a revision and updated record. Palaeontos, 28, 1–32
Elasmobranchii in de ontsluiting aan de luchthaven te Borsbeek (prov. Antwerpen, België) Afzettingen WTKG, 36(1), 12–19
Miocene Shark and Batoid Fauna from Nosy Makamby (Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagascar). PLoS ONE, 10(6), Article e0129444
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129444
Miocene Chondrichthyes from Winterswijk - Miste, the Netherlands. Palaeontos, 21, 1–136