Urogymnus asperrimus

(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

Porcupine ray
Classification: Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae

Reference of the original description

Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. (1801)
M.E. Blochii Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit. J.G. Schneider, Saxo: 584 p., 110 pl.

Image of the original description
No image in first description.

Synonyms / new combinations and misspellings
Anacanthus africanus, Anacanthus asperrimus, Raja africana*, Raja asperrima, Rhachinotus africanus, Urogymnus africana, Urogymnus africanus, Urogymnus aperrimus, Urogymnus asperatus, Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi, Urogymnus rhombeus

Types
Urogymnus asperrimus
Holotype: ZMB: 7836
Anacanthus asperrimus
XXXX: No types known;
Raja africana*
Holotype: ZMB: 7837
Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi
Holotype: QM: I.1112 QM: I.1113 QM: I.1114
Urogymnus rhombeus
Syntype: SMNS: 1630; ZMB: 10864

Description :

Citation: Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801): In: Database of modern sharks, rays and chimaeras, www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 12/2024

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Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), female, 76 cm DW, landed at Junglighat landing center, India © K. K. Bineesh, India

Common names
spa

Raya africana, $fra $T$$ Pastenague sans dard, eng

Black spotted ray, eng

Porcupine ray, eng

Porcupineray, eng

Rough-skinned ray, eng

Roughskin stingaree, eng

Solanders ray, eng

Thorny ray, eng

Thorny-ray, por

Raia pungente africana

Short Description
A heavily armored stingray lacking a venomous barb; young with large, flat denticles on upper surface, and large juveniles and adults with additional sharp conical thorns and small, pointed denticles [536]. Very thick elongated disc with broadly rounded outer corners; snout broadly rounded and tail slender, about as long as body and without finfolds [536]. Light grey or whitish dorsally, white ventrally; tail blackish [536].

Distribution
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and coast of East Africa to the Marshall Islands and Fiji, south to northern Australia [17644]. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Guinea, and Côte d"quot;Ivoire (Ref. 4438). Source: www.gbif.org

Human uses
fisheries: commercial

Biology
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures [733]. Distinct pairing with embrace [17086]. Distinct pairing with embrace [17086].

Size / Weight / Age
147 cm WD (male/unsexed; [2539])

Habitat
reef-associated; brackish; marine

Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=7407;

Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Monogenea