Vooren, C.M. & Piercy, A.N. & Snelson, F.F. & Grubbs, R.D. & Notarbartolo Di Sciara, G. & Serena, S. (2007)
Gymnura altavela IUCN 2012, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2012.2, https://www.iucnredlist.org