NEWSLETTER 04/2012 09. April 2012

 

NEW PARTNERS:



Partner in Google-Maps

 

 

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NEW IMAGES AT SHARK-REFERENCES:


Many thanks to Hajime Ishihara for the images of skate eggs, e.g.:

 

Amblyraja doelojuradoiLeucoraja ocellataRostroraja alba

 

 

 


Complete list of images:

 

Amblyraja doellojuradoi (POZZI, 1935) see species description
Amblyraja georgiana (NORMAN, 1938) see species description
Amblyraja radiata (DONOVAN, 1808) see species description
Anacanthobatis ori (WALLACE, 1967) see species description
Atlantoraja castelnaui (MIRANDA RIBEIRO, 1907) see species description
Bathyraja aleutica (GILBERT, 1896) see species description
Bathyraja smirnovi (SOLDATOV & PAVLENKO, 1915) see species description
Brochiraja asperula (GARRICK & PAUL, 1974) see species description
Cruriraja parcomaculata (VON BONDE & SWART, 1923) see species description
Psammobatis rudis GÜNTHER, 1870 see species description
Psammobatis rutrum JORDAN, 1891 see species description
Psammobatis scobina (PHILIPPI, 1857) see species description
Rhinoraja kujiensis (TANAKA, 1916) see species description
Rhinoraja longicauda ISHIYAMA, 1952 see species description
Rhinoraja odai ISHIYAMA, 1958 see species description
Sympterygia bonapartii MÜLLER & HENLE, 1841 see species description
Dipturus macrocauda (ISHIYAMA, 1955) see species description
Dipturus gigas (ISHIYAMA, 1958) see species description
Raja rhina JORDAN & GILBERT, 1880 see species description
Raja binoculata GIRARD, 1855 see species description
Raja pulchra LIU, 1932 see species description
Raja eglanteria LACEPÈDE (ex BOSC), 1800 see species description
Leucoraja fullonica (LINNAEUS, 1758) see species description
Leucoraja wallacei (HULLEY, 1970) see species description
Leucoraja naevus (MÜLLER & HENLE, 1841) see species description
Leucoraja ocellata (MITCHILL, 1815) see species description
Leucoraja erinacea (MITCHILL, 1825) see species description
Malacoraja senta (GARMAN, 1885) see species description
Okamejei acutispina (ISHIYAMA, 1958) see species description
Okamejei schmidti (ISHIYAMA, 1958) see species description
Okamejei kenojei (MÜLLER & HENLE, 1841) see species description
Okamejei boesemani (ISHIHARA, 1987) see species description
Raja montagui FOWLER, 1910 see species description
Raja miraletus LINNAEUS, 1758 see species description
Raja clavata LINNAEUS, 1758 see species description
Rajella leopardus (VON BONDE & SWART, 1923) see species description
Rajella bigelowi (STEHMANN, 1978) see species description
Rostroraja alba (LACÉPÈDE, 1803) see species description


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Shark-References would kindly like to ask you for your contribution to this project.

- Please send us missing references (e.g. missing papers)
- Send us your publications that are not incorporated so far (which is indicated by the missing info symbol at the quotation).
- Pictures of sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras are needed. Credits will be given to appropriately.
- If you notice mistakes, incomplete links or you have access problems please let us know.
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Until now I collected more than 11.000 papers for the database! Please check your computer and send me some missing paper, e.g. some of this papers

 

Many thanks for sending missing papers:

Oliver Landemaine, France

Frederik H. Mollen, Belgium

K.V. Akhilesh, India

Hajime Ishihara, Japan

 

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Taxonomic News:

1) Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, a Senior Synonym of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855

PIETSCH, T.W. & ORR, J.W. & ESCHMEYER, W.N. 2012 Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, a Senior Synonym of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 (Carchariniformes: Triakidae), Invalidated by “Reversal of Precedence”. Copeia, 2012 (1): 98-99

Abstract: Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, is shown to be a senior synonym of the triakid shark Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855. Conditions exist, however, to allow “reversal of precedence” of the two names, as provided by Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855, is regarded as valid, qualifying as a nomen protectum, while the name Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, is recognized as invalid, qualifying as a nomen oblitum.

 

2) Redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and  Carcharhinus sealei, Resurrection of Carcharhinus coatesi and Carcharhinus tjutjot as valid species

WHITE, W.T. 2012 A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa, 3241: 1-34

Abstract: A taxonomic re-evaluation of the Carcharhinus sealei-dussumieri group using meristic and morphological data revealed that this group consists of 5 species. Two species, Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939) from northern Australia and probably New Guinea and C. tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852) from Indonesian to Taiwan, are resurrected as valid species and together with C. dussumieri and C. sealei are redescribed. Garrick’s lectotype designation of C. dussumieri and C. tjutjot are retained. A neotype for C. sealei, collected from the same locality as the holotype which was destroyed during World War II, is designated. A fifth, possibly undescribed species (Carcharhinus sp.) is also noted from the Western Indian Ocean and its affinities briefly discussed. The four redescribed species are very similarly morphologically but can be distinguished by a combination of meristic, morphological, dental and colour characters. The most important characters for distinguishing these species are: vertebral counts, tooth counts, tooth morphology, shape of first dorsal and pectoral fins, second dorsal fin colouration, and mouth width. Two independent molecular studies have produced results which closely correlate with and support the findings of this study.

 

3) "Beringraja" a new Genus of Skate

ISHIHARA, H. & TRELOAR, M. & BOR, P.H.F. & SENOU, H. & JEONG, C.-H. 2012 The Comparative Morphology of Skate Egg Capsules (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes) Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum. Natural Science, 41: 9-25

Abstract: The egg capsules of 64 skate species of 20 genera, among the 30 genera of the order Rajifomies were examined to determine the interrelationships within the order Rajifomies. As a result, we found that there may be four basic lineages in this order, i.e., Bathyraja (Arhynchobatidae), Amblyraja (Rajidae), Dipturus (Rajidae) and Rostroraja (Rajidae). It is also likely that the genus Amblyraja forms the subfamily Amblyrajinae and the genus Rostroraja the subfamily Rostrorajinae. A new genus Beringraja is established for two species (.B. binoculata (Guard, 1855) and B.ptilchra (Liu, 1932)), in which egg capsules contain more than one embryo. We propose that the genus Fenestraja should be re-allocated to the family Arhynchobatidae and that Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 should be included in the genus Malacoraja.

Key words: Rajifomies, egg-capsule, Beringraja, Rajidae. Arhynchobatidae, Anacanthobatidae

Free download

 

New Book:

 

The World of Lungfish

 

by Anne Kemp

 

Published February 2012

 

Book Description

Australia is privileged to have, amongst its unusual fauna, one very special animal, the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, one of three groups of surviving lungfish.

This book, published as a limited edition, and intended for a lay audience, describes the Australian lungfish and its environment, as well as related living lungfish from Africa and South America. It includes an outline of major groups of fossil lungfish dating back to the early Devonian, over 400 million years ago. Science is kept to a minimum, and anecdotes and history are used to describe the Australian lungfish and its place in the environment and the life of Queensland, past and present. Some myths are laid to rest, among them the story that lungfish can walk on land.

 

Comments about the book

 

“A book that you will come back to again and again “… Craig Murphy, University of Auckland

“ Rare to find such breadth of topic in a book of this sort, from biology to palaeontology and development” … Professor Richard Smith, New Jersey.

“ Our Queensland lungfish is the most docile of the breeds” … Harry Johnson, fisherman, Lake Samsonvale

 

Cost

$ 32.00 for a signed copy from the author, plus $15.00 postage and packing within Australia.

Contact

Enquiries: Phone 3365 6993 or 0400846325, or email a.kemp@uq.edu.au

 

 

New Paper

Fossil

 

HAGDORN, H. & MUTTER, R.J. 2011 The vertebrate fauna of the Lower Keuper Albertibank (Erfurt Formation, Middle Triassic) in the vicinity of Schwäbisch Hall (Baden-Württemberg, Germany).Palaeodiversity, 4: 223-243

ISERBYT, A. & DE SCHUTTER, P.J. 2012 Quantitative analysis of Elasmobranch assemblages from two successive Ypresian (early Eocene) facies at Marke, western Belgium. Geologica Belgica, 15 (3): 146-153

MAISEY, J.G. 2012 What is an ‘elasmobranch’? The impact of palaeontology in understanding elasmobranch phylogeny and evolution. Journal of Fish Biology, in presshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03245.x

MOLLEN, F.H. & JAGT, J.W.M. 2012 The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA). Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (1): 117-127

 

 

Rezent:

 

ANDREWS, K.S. & QUINN, T.P. 2012 Combining fishing and acoustic monitoring data to evaluate the distribution and movements of spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei. Marine Biology, 159 (4): 769-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1853-x

ANEESH KUMAR, K.V. & PARESH KHANOLKAR, S. & PRAVIN, P. & MEENAKUMARI, B. & RADHAKRISHNAN, E.V. 2012 First record of the pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus (Pisces: Alopiiformes: Alopiidae) from the Lakshadweep Sea, India. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755267211001114

BAREMORE, I.E. & BETHEA, D.M. & ANDREWS, K.I. 2012 Gillnet selectivity for juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus). Fishery Bulletin, 110 (2): 230-241

BELLEGGIA, M. & FIGUEROA, D.E. & SANCHEZ, F. & BREMEC, C. 2012 The feeding ecology of Mustelus schmitti in the southwestern Atlantic: geographic variations and dietary shifts.Environmental Biology of Fishes, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9874-3

BOK, T.D. & GOKTURK, D. & KAHRAMAN, A.E. & ALICLI, T.Z. & ACUN, T. & ATES, C. 2011Length-Weight Relationships of 34 Fish Species from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10 (23): 3037-3042http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2011.3037.3042

BOOMER, J.J. & PEDDEMORS, V. & STOW, A.J. 2012 Errata to "Genetic data show that Carcharhinus tilstoni is not confined to the tropics, highlighting the importance of a multifaceted approach to species identification." Journal of Fish Biology, 80 (3): 737http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03248.x

BOWATER, R.O. & FORBES-FAULKNER, J. & ANDERSON, I.G. & CONDON, K. & ROBINSON, B. & KONG, F. & GILBERT, G.L. & REYNOLDS, A. & HYLAND, S. & MCPHERSON, G. & BRIEN, J.O. & BLYDE, D. 2012 Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases, 35 (3): 173-186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01332.x

BOYLE, M.D. & EBERT, D.A. & CAILLIET, G.M. 2012 Stable-isotope analysis of a deep-sea benthic-fish assemblage: evidence of an enriched benthic food web. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03243.x

BROMHEAD, D. & CLARKE, S. & HOYLE, S. & MULLER, B. & SHARPLES, P. & HARLEY, S. 2012 Identification of factors influencing shark catch and mortality in the Marshall Islands tuna longline fishery and management implications. Journal of Fish Biology, in presshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03238.x

BYRNE, R.J. & AVISE, J.C. 2012 Genetic mating system of the brown smoothhound shark (Mustelus henlei), including a literature review of multiple paternity in other elasmobranch species.Marine Biology, 159 (4): 749-756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1851-z

CAMPBELL, H.A. & HEWITT, M. & WATTS, M.E. & PEVERELL, S. & FRANKLIN, C.E. 2012Short- and long-term movement patterns in the freshwater whipray (Himantura dalyensis) determined by the signal processing of passive acoustic telemetry data. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63 (4): 341-350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF11229

CHABOT, C.L. 2012 Characterization of 11 microsatellite loci for the brown smooth-hound shark, Mustelus henlei (Triakidae), discovered with next-generation sequencing. Conservation Genetics Resources, 4 (1): 23-25 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9464-x

DEL GIUDICE, G. & PRISCO, M. & AGNESE, M. & VALIANTE, S. & VERDERAME, M. & LIMATOLA, E. & LAFORGIA, V. & ANDREUCCETTI, P. 2011 Expression of vitellogenin receptor in the ovarian follicles during the reproductive cycle of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata Risso 1880. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 315A (10): 585-592 http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.716

FITZPATRICK, J.L. & KEMPSTER, R.M. & DALY-ENGEL, T.S. & COLLIN, S.P. & EVANS, J.P. 2012 Assessing the potential for post-copulatory sexual selection in elasmobranchs. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03256.x

FORMAN, J.S. & DUNN, M.R. 2012 Diet and scavenging habits of the smooth skate Dipturus innominatus. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03255.x

FREDERICO, R.G. & FARIAS, I.P. & ARAÚJO, M.L.G. & CHARVET-ALMEIDA, P. & ALVES-GOMES, J.A. 2012 Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Amazonian freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae).Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (1): 71-80

GARRONE NETO, D. & UIEDA, V.S. 2012 Activity and habitat use of two species of stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil.Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (1): 81-88

GIRESI, M. & RENSHAW, M.A. & PORTNOY, D.S. & GOLD, J.R. 2012 Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus.Conservation Genetics Resources, 4 (1): 141-145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9494-4

HALL, N.G. & BARTRON, C. & WHITE, W.T. & DHARMADI & POTTER, I.C. 2012 Biology of the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Carcharhinidae) in the eastern Indian Ocean, including an approach to estimating age when timing of parturition is not well defined. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03240.x

HSU, H.H. & JOUNG, S.J. & LIU, K.M. 2012 Fisheries, management and conservation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in Taiwan. Journal of Fish Biology, in presshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03234.x

HUSSEY, N.E. & MACNEIL, M.A. & OLIN, J.A. & MCMEANS, B.C. & KINNEY, M.J. & CHAPMAN, D.D. & FISK, A.T. 2012 Stable isotopes and elasmobranchs: tissue types, methods, applications and assumptions. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03251.x

IZAWA, K. 2012 Echthrogaleus mitsukurinae sp. nov. (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Pandaridae) infesting the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898 in Japanese waters.Crustaceana, 85 (1): 81-87 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854012X623674

LE PORT, A. & LAVERY, S. 2012 Population Structure and Phylogeography of the Short-Tailed Stingray, Dasyatis brevicaudata (Hutton 1875), in the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Heredity, 103 (2): 174-185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr131

LI, W. & WANG, Y. & NORMAN, B. 2012 A preliminary survey of whale shark Rhincodon typus catch and trade in China: an emerging crisis. Journal of Fish Biology, in presshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03250.x

LISNEY, T.J. & THEISS, S.M. & COLLIN, S.P. & HART, N.S. 2012 Vision in elasmobranchs and their relatives: 21st century advances. Journal of Fish Biology, in presshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03253.x

MAZ-COURRAU, A. & LOPEZ-VERA, C. & GALVAN-MAGAÑA, F. & ESCOBAR-SÁNCHEZ, O. & ROSÍLES-MARTÍNEZ, R. & SANJUÁN-MUÑOZ, A. 2012 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Total Mercury in Four Exploited Shark Species in the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88 (2): 129-134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0499-1

MEJÍA-FALLA, P.A. & NAVIA, A.F. & CORTÉS, E. 2012 Reproductive variables of Urotrygon rogersi (Batoidea: Urotrygonidae): a species with a triannual reproductive cycle in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03237.x

PIETSCH, T.W. & ORR, J.W. & ESCHMEYER, W.N. 2012 Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, a Senior Synonym of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 (Carchariniformes: Triakidae), Invalidated by “Reversal of Precedence”. Copeia, 2012 (1): 98-99 http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CI-11-089

PINHAL, D. & SHIVJI, M.S. & VALLINOTO, M. & CHAPMAN, D.D. & GADIG, O.B.F. & MARTINS, C. 2012 Cryptic hammerhead shark lineage occurrence in the western South Atlantic revealed by DNA analysis. Marine Biology, 159 (4): 829-836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1858-5

REINICK, C.L. & LIANG, L. & ANGLESON, J.K. & DORES, R.M. 2012 Functional expression of Squalus acanthias melanocortin-5 receptor in CHO cells: Ligand selectivity and interaction with MRAP. European Journal of Pharmacology, 680 (1-3): 1-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.021

SERRA-PEREIRA, B. & FIGUEIREDO, I. & GORDO, L.S. 2011 Maturation of the Gonads and Reproductive Tracts of the Thornback Ray Raja clavata, with Comments on the Development of a Standardized Reproductive Terminology for Oviparous Elasmobranchs. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, 3 (1): 160-175http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2011.555707

SHIBUYA, A. & ZUANON, J. & TANAKA, S. 2012 Feeding behavior of the Neotropical freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (1): 189-196

SILVA, J.F. & ELLIS, J.R. & CATCHPOLE, T.L. 2012 Species composition of skates (Rajidae) in commercial fisheries around the British Isles and their discarding patterns. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03247.x

SURESH, T.V. & RAFFI, S.M. 2012 First record of long nose chimaera Neoharriotta pinnata (Chondrichthys: Chimaeriformes: Rhinochimaeridae), from Bay of Bengal, India (north-eastern Indian Ocean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e27 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000115

TRIBUZIO, C.A. & KRUSE, G.H. 2012 Life history characteristics of a lightly exploited stock of Squalus suckleyi. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03241.x

VAN OSCH, S. 2012 Save our sharks: Using international fisheries law within regional fisheries management organizations to improve shark conservation. Michigan Journal of International Law, 33: 383-431

WEGNER, N.C. & CARTAMIL, D.P. 2012 Effects of prolonged entanglement in discarded fishing gear with substantive biofouling on the health and behavior of an adult shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64 (2): 391-394http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.11.017

WEIR, C.R. & MACENA, B.C.L. & NOTARBARTOLO DI SCIARA, G. 2012 Records of rays of the genus Mobula (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from the waters between Gabon and Angola (eastern tropical Atlantic). Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e26

WHITE, W.T. 2012 A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa, 3241: 1-34

WILGA, C.D. & MAIA, A. & NAUWELAERTS, S. & LAUDER, G.V. 2012 Prey handling using whole-body fluid dynamics in batoids. Zoology, 115 (1): 47-57http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2011.09.002

YOPAK, K.E. 2012 Neuroecology of cartilaginous fishes: the functional implications of brain scaling. Journal of Fish Biology, in press http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03254.x

 

 

 

MISCELLANEOUS:

 

New species of hammerhead shark confirmed

 

By David Fleshler

The discovery of a new species of hammerhead shark may sound like bad news for swimmers. But shark bites are rare, and it turns out this may be worse news for sharks.

The shark, as yet unnamed, closely resembles the scalloped hammerhead shark, a species currently up for protection as an endangered species due to the high commercial demand for its fins.

The existence of this new species, originally noticed off the southeastern United States in 2005 and now confirmed as a wide-ranging oceanic shark, shows that the scalloped hammerhead may be in even worse trouble than originally thought, since many sharks counted as scalloped hammerheads were presumably the look-alike species. And the discovery suggests that the new hammerhead species may be facing extinction even before it has a name.

“It’s very important to officially recognize, name and learn more about this new hammerhead species and the condition of its populations through systematic surveys,” said Mahmood Shivji, who oversaw the new research at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center’s Save Our Seas Shark Center USA and Guy Harvey Research Institute, in a news release. “Without management intervention to curtail its inadvertent killing, we run the risk that overfishing could eradicate an entire shark species before its existence is even properly acknowledged.”

The shark was originally discovered off the South Florida coast in 2005, as Shivji and his team conducted agenetic analysis of what they thought were scalloped hammerheads. A separate team from the University of South Carolina found specimens off that state's waters. At the time, there was some question over what to make of these discoveries. But in a study published in the latest edition of the journal Marine Biology, Shivji and six colleagues from other universities and organizations, say they have found the shark off the coast of southernBrazil, site of busy commercial hammerhead fishery.

Danillo Pinhal, then a visiting graduate student at Nova, had done the lab work while researching scalloped hammerheads off Brazil, finding that his genetic identification tests weren't working on some samples.

"The finding of this species all the way down in Brazilian waters, where hammerhead sharks are heavily fished, raises concerns about the population status of both species not just in U.S. waters but throughout the western Atlantic," said Pinhal, now assistant professor at the UNESP-São Paulo State University. "It’s an international issue now and it’s essential that further research on this new species be conducted in Brazilian waters.”

The new shark and the scalloped hammerhead split from a common ancestor about 4.5 million years ago, according to the scientists’ genetic analysis. Although they resemble each other, the new species has 20 fewer vertebrae.

“It’s a classic case of long-standing species misidentification that not only casts further uncertainty on the status of the real scalloped hammerhead but also raises concerns about the population status of this new species,” Shivji said.

Maggie Miller, a biologist with the endangered species conservation section of the National Marine Fisheries Service, said the fisheries service will consider the studies on the new shark as it considers whether to add the scalloped hammerhead to the endangered species list. A preliminary decision is expected in August.

Sonja Fordham, president of Shark Advocates International, said the discovery argues for a broader approach to the conservation of sharks in which it's easy to mistake one species for another.

"The news bolsters conservationists' arguments that rules currently being developed under the National Marine Fisheries Service fishery management plan for sharks apply to not just overfished scalloped hammerheads but also similar looking species," she said.

Fins from the various hammerhead species command high prices in China and other East Asian countries because they have long cartilage needles that are prized for shark-fin soup.

dfleshler@tribune.com, 954-356-4535