Catalog of Fishes
literature references
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Rhinoptera steindachneri
Evermann & Jenkins, 1891
Pacific cownose ray
Classification: Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Rhinopteridae
Reference of the original description
Report upon a collection of fishes made at Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 14(846), 121–164
Report upon a collection of fishes made at Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 14(846), 121–164
Image of the original description
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891
Synonyms / new combinations and misspellings
Rhinoptera cf. steindachneri
Rhinoptera cf. steindachneri
Description :
Citation: Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891: In: Database of modern sharks, rays and chimaeras, www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 12/2024
Please send your images of "Rhinoptera steindachneri" to info@shark-references.com
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891, Ecuador © Franklin Soli, Ecuador
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891, Ecuador © Franklin Soli, Ecuador
Common names
Gavilan negro, Gavilán dorado, Raya, Raya dorada, Raya hocico de vaca, 
Mourine du Pacifique, Raya murciélago, 
Cow-nosed ray, Golden cownose ray, Hawkray, Pacific cow-nose ray, Pacific cownose ray
Gavilan negro, Gavilán dorado, Raya, Raya dorada, Raya hocico de vaca, Mourine du Pacifique, Raya murciélago, Cow-nosed ray, Golden cownose ray, Hawkray, Pacific cow-nose ray, Pacific cownose ray
Short Description
Large cownose ray with a lozenge shaped disc, rather short whip-like tail, narrow mouth and internasal space, dorsal-fin origin well behind pectoral-fin insertions, and central 3 rows of teeth in each jaw relatively broad. Disc broad and long; anterior margin barely notched behind eye. Head narrow, snout weakly notched; cephalic lobes broad, posterior edge usually reaching beyond mouth, partly depressible into shallow groove. Spiracles much larger than eye, originating at pectoral-fin origins. Mouth narrow, Pectoral-fin tips bluntly angular; dorsal fin well developed, origin near or slightly behind pelvic-fin insertions, posterior margin weakly concave; undamaged caudal sting well developed, slightly longer than dorsal-fin base, its origin usually under dorsal-fin free rear tip; ventral skin fold on anterior tail not obvious. [24887]
Large cownose ray with a lozenge shaped disc, rather short whip-like tail, narrow mouth and internasal space, dorsal-fin origin well behind pectoral-fin insertions, and central 3 rows of teeth in each jaw relatively broad. Disc broad and long; anterior margin barely notched behind eye. Head narrow, snout weakly notched; cephalic lobes broad, posterior edge usually reaching beyond mouth, partly depressible into shallow groove. Spiracles much larger than eye, originating at pectoral-fin origins. Mouth narrow, Pectoral-fin tips bluntly angular; dorsal fin well developed, origin near or slightly behind pelvic-fin insertions, posterior margin weakly concave; undamaged caudal sting well developed, slightly longer than dorsal-fin base, its origin usually under dorsal-fin free rear tip; ventral skin fold on anterior tail not obvious. [24887]
Distribution
Eastern Central Pacific, northern Mexico to Peru, including Galapagos Islands [24887] Source: www.gbif.org
Eastern Central Pacific, northern Mexico to Peru, including Galapagos Islands [24887] Source: www.gbif.org
Human uses
fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums
fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums
Biology
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures [733]. Found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef dropoffs [1658]. Occasionally near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray [1658]. Feeds on benthic crustaceans and molluscs.
Diet: 2019: n=310 specimens (146 females and 164 males): 295 specimens with empty stomach, 9 contained stomach content remains (total of 6813 prey were counted in nine cownose rays, with a total weight of 65.85 g. Six prey items belonging to four taxonomic classes (Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca and Teleostei) were identified; crustaceans contributed the most by number (6808 individuals, Mysidium spp.) and by weight (64.9 g) to diet). [27389]
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures [733]. Found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef dropoffs [1658]. Occasionally near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray [1658]. Feeds on benthic crustaceans and molluscs.
Diet: 2019: n=310 specimens (146 females and 164 males): 295 specimens with empty stomach, 9 contained stomach content remains (total of 6813 prey were counted in nine cownose rays, with a total weight of 65.85 g. Six prey items belonging to four taxonomic classes (Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca and Teleostei) were identified; crustaceans contributed the most by number (6808 individuals, Mysidium spp.) and by weight (64.9 g) to diet). [27389]
Size / Weight / Age
DW (max): 104 cm, DW (mature): males/females: +70 cm, DW (birth): 39-43 cm [24887]
DW (max): 104 cm, DW (mature): males/females: +70 cm, DW (birth): 39-43 cm [24887]
Dentition
Teeth plate-like, in 7- 9 rows in each jaw; in middle row of upper jaw --3-4 times wider than long, about twice wider than those adjacent; 2 inner rows on each side narrow. [24887]
Teeth plate-like, in 7- 9 rows in each jaw; in middle row of upper jaw --3-4 times wider than long, about twice wider than those adjacent; 2 inner rows on each side narrow. [24887]
Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=6079;
shark-references Species-ID=6079;
Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Monogenea
Cestoda
Nematoda
Copepoda
Isopoda
Hirudinea
Monogenea
- Denarycotyle gardneri Pulido-Flores, Monks & Violante-González, 2015 [23407] [23771] [26032] [26291]
- Heterocotyle sp. [23771] [26032]
- Peruanocotyle pelagica Ruiz-Escobar, Torres-Carrera, Ramos-Sánchez, García-Prieto, Mendoza-Garfias & Oceguera-Figueroa, 2022 [30761]
- Udonella sp. [26291]
Cestoda
- Duplicibothrium cairae Ruhnke, Curran & Holbert, 2000 [7373] [23771]
- Eniochobothrium sp. [23959]
- Glyphobothrium sp. [26291]
- Halysioncum bonasum (Williams & Campbell, 1980) [19536]
- Halysioncum fautleyae (Tyler & Caira, 1999) [7627] [16430] [23771]
- Halysioncum mexicanum (Tyler & Caira, 1999) [19536]
- Nanoduplicibothrium paulum (Ruhnke, Curran & Holbert, 2000) [7373] [23771]
- Parachristianella dimegacantha Kruse, 1959 [26291]
- Parachristianella sp. [26291]
- Phyllobothrium sp. [23771] [26291]
- Rhinebothrium sp. [26291]
- Rhinoptericola hexacantha Herzog & Jensen, 2022 [30611]
- Rhinoptericola megacantha Carvajal & Campbell, 1975 [23771]
- Rhinoptericola sp. [23771]
- Serendip danbrooksi Monks, Zaragoza-Tapia, Pulido-Flores & Violante-Gonzalez, 2015 [23054] [23771] [26291]
- Serendip deborahae Brooks & Barriga, 1995 [7615] [25154]
- Tetragonocephalum sp. [26291]
- Tylocephalum sp. [23771] [23959] [26291]
Nematoda
- Anisakis sp. [26291]
Copepoda
- Alebion sp. [26291]
- Caligus curtus Müller, 1785 [26291]
- Ergasilus myctarothes Wilson, 1913 [26291]
- Eudactylina squamosa Bere, 1936 [17867]
- Eudactylinodes keratophagus Deets & Benz, 1986 [26291]
- Taeniacanthodes dojirii Braswell, Benz & Deets, 2002 [26291]
Isopoda
Hirudinea
- Branchellion lobata Moore, 1952 [26291]
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