Common names
Cazón lechero, Cazón lechoso, Cazón picudo, Marajo, Lézard, Requin à museau pointu, Requin à nez pointu, Blacktip shark, Fish shark, Grey dog shark, Grey dog-shark, Little blue shark, Longmans dogshark, Milk dog shark, Milk shark, Milkshark, Sharp nosed shark, Sharp-nosed milk shark, Walbeehm"s sharp-nosed shark, White-eye shark, Yellow dog shark, Squalo latteo, Marracho branco, Tubarão-bicudo

Short Description
Field Marks: In its area the only requiem shark with long upper and lower labial furrows, the first dorsal origin well behind the anal origin, and long preanal ridges. Key to species and diagnostic features give characters separating this from other, similar species in its genus.
Diagnostic Features: Prenarial snout 4 to 5.4% of total length; upper labial furrows long, 1.4 to 2% of total length; total count of enlarged hyomandibular pores on both sides of head just behind mouth angle usually over 16; teeth serrated in adults; teeth not well-differentiated between sexes; total tooth rows usually 25/24. First dorsal origin usually over or slightly in front of pectoral free rear tips; second dorsal origin ranges from above last third of anal base to over its insertion; pectoral anterior margin usually equal to or shorter than first dorsal length from origin to free rear tip. Posterior monospondylous precaudal centra greatly enlarged; precaudal centra usually less numerous than caudals (rarely the two are equal), precaudals 55 to 79, total centra 121 to 162. Size moderate, males maturing over 60 cm total length. Colour grey, grey-brown or purplish brown above, pale below, pectoral fins with a light margin. [517]

Distribution
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira and Mauritania to Angola; reported from the Gulf of Taranto [20075]. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to Japan, south to Australia. Source: www.gbif.org

Human uses
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

Biology
Distinct pairing with embrace [17086]. Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta; 2 to 8 in a litter [544], usually 2 to 5 after a gestation period of ~ 12 months; no seasonality in the reproductive cycle [2539]. Size at birth between 25 and 39 cm.
Diet: 2015: [22757]: Arabian Gulf waters of the United Arab Emirates (database: 57 speciemens): fed on a wide variety of teleost species, primarily Engraulidae (anchovies) (28%), Gerreidae (mojarras) (5.6%) and Carangidae (jacks) (1.6%) with occasional crustacean and cephalopod prey (8%) Occurs on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).

Size / Weight / Age
175 cm TL (male/unsexed; [20067]); 80.8 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 5,000 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 8 years [517]

Habitat
benthopelagic; amphidromous [17660]; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 200 m [517]

Dentition
Teeth in 13-1-13/11-1-11 series, those of both jaws with the inner border obliquely linear, the outer deeply notched (described from Scoliodon longmani = synonym of Rhizoprionodon acutus, holotype QM I.292) [11847];

Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=6097;

Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Monogenea

• Loimos secundus Chauhan & Bhalerao, 1945 [17150]

Cestoda

• Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, 1890 [16458]
• Anthobothrium samae Kamachali & Haseli, 2022 [32555]
• Anthobothrium shayani Kamachali & Haseli, 2022 [32555]
• Anthobothrium spinosum Subhapradha, 1955 [16423] [16423]
• Balanobothrium carchariasae Bhagwan & Shinde, 2002 [21460]
• Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Pintner, 1931 [16112] [15730] [21816]
• Hornelliella palasoorahi Zaidi & Khan, 1976 [16112]
• Nybelinia dighai Pramanik & Manna, 2006 [16375]
• Nybelinia indica Chandra, 1986 [16112]
• Nybelinia sp. [16112] [15730]
• Otobothrium australe Palm, 2004 [17826]
• Otobothrium carcharidis (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) [24083] [15730] [17826] [19555] [21816]
• Otobothrium minutum Subhapradha, 1955 [16423] [16112]
• Otobothrium sp. [15730]
• Phoreiobothrium arabiansi Shinde, Jadhav & Mohekar, 1984 [16167]
• Phoreiobothrium girjamami Shinde, Motinge & Pardeshi, 1993 [16405]
• Phoreiobothrium golchini Darvishi & Haseli, 2019 [27446]
• Phoreiobothrium jahki Caira & Jensen, 2015 [23548]
• Phoreiobothrium nadiae Caira & Jensen, 2015 [23548]
• Phoreiobothrium ratnagiriensis Shinde & Jadhav, 1987 [16394]
• Phoreiobothrium shindei Shinde, Jadhav & Jadhav, 1990 [16243]
• Phoreiobothrium swaki Caira & Jensen, 2015 [23548]
• Phoreiobothrium vinodae Jadhav, 1993 [16328]
• Phyllobothrium bombayensis Srivastava & Capoor, 1979 [16421]
• Platybothrium veravalensis Deshmukh, Shinde & Jadhav, 1977 [16300] [7384]
• Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850) Dollfus, 1929 [16112]
• Polypocephalus waltairensis Mote, 2012 [19910]
• Prochristianella aciculata Beveridge & Justine, 2010 [17404]
• Proemotobothrium southwelli Beveridge & Campbell, 2001 [15730]
• Pterobothrium acanthotruncatum Escalante & Carvajal, 1984 [16283] [16112]
• Scyphophyllidium musculosum (Subhapradha, 1955) [16423] [16423] [14437]
• Scyphophyllidium typicum (Subhapradha, 1955) [16423] [16423] [16443]
• Tentacularia coryphaenae Bosc, 1797 [16458] [16112]
• Vermaia sorrakowahi Zaidi & Khan, 1976 [16468]

Nematoda

• Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) [21235]
• Echinocephalus scoliodonti Rajyalakshmi, 1994 [8184]

Copepoda

• Achtheinus pinguis Wilson, 1912 [27172]
• Echthrogaleus coleoptratus (Guérin-Méneville, 1837) [14327]
• Eudactylina aspera Heller, 1865 [16583] [17867] [15303]
• Kroyeria minuta Pillai, 1968 [16955]
• Kroyeria spatulata Pearse, 1948 [16583] [15303]
• Lernaeopoda galei Krøyer, 1837 [27172]
• Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1868 [15303]
• Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1868 [16583] [15303]
• Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886 [15303]
• Perissopus dentatus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 [15303]
• Pseudopandarus australis Cressey & Simpfendorfer, 1988 [16579] [16569] [19356] [19355] [25052]
• Pseudopandarus gracilis Kirtisinghe, 1950 [15303]
• Pseudopandarus longus (Gnanamuthu, 1951) [16583] [16599] [15303] [15305] [25052] [27172]
• Tripaphylus dippenaarae Boxshall, Barton, Kirke, Zhu & Johnson, 2022 [30995]